-v
grml2hd - install grml on harddisk
grml2hd [ partition ] [ options ]
-v
Return version and exit.
GRML2HD_NONINTERACTIVE=1 grml2hd ....
Install grml2hd in non-interactive mode (using /etc/grml2hd/config).
NOSWREMOVAL=1 grml2hd ...
Disable running script remove-packages-server for removing some special software packages.
SWRAID='mbr-only' grml2hd /dev/md0 -mbr /dev/md0
Install grml on raid array /dev/md0 and install mbr as well.
LVM='/dev/mapper/grml2hd-lvm' grml2hd
Install grml on a logical volume (LVM).
grml2hd installs grml on a partition on your harddisk and makes it bootable. The partition is formatted with mkfs (using the selected filesystem), then all necessary files are copied. Then you have to answer a few questions like username, passwords and which features you want to use on your harddisk installation. To boot the new installation lilo is installed in the boot-sector of the partition or in the MBR, depending on your selection.
It is possible to run grml2hd in a non-interactive mode where no further manual input is required. This mode is useful if you do not want to sit in front of your computer during installation or if you want to set up a cluster of computers (e.g. a computer lab). There are two possibilities to run grml2hd in automatic mode. But: Do not use the grml2hd non-interactive mode if you do not know what you are doing!
Configuration of the automatic installation is done via the configuration file /etc/grml2hd/config. To activate automatic mode you have to set the environment variable GRML2HD_NONINTERACTIVE or use the -i option on the commandline. Use the automatic installation mode with care as you won't be prompted for any more questions!
You can install grml without even booting it before. If you do not know your system very well we recommend booting grml before running grml2hd. If everything works as intented and you want to install grml on many computers at the same time you can do this via entering only some few words on the bootprompt or use grml2hd via grml-terminalserver.
Configuration is done via boot options:
user= => user name for user which should be used at hd-install (default: grml)
filesystem={ext2|ext3|reiserfs|reiser4|jfs|xfs} => filesystem to be used (default: ext3)
mbr=/dev/... => partition where MBR should be installed (default:=partition)
partition=/dev/... => partition where grml should be installed (must be set - no default!)
Usage example for booting and installing grml on partition /dev/hda4:
grml2hd partion=/dev/hda4 mbr=/dev/hda filesystem=ext3 user=mika
Passwords of user root and user are "grml" - please adjust after harddisk installation!
mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=raid1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1
Prepare RAID setup with mdadm.
SWRAID='mbr-only' grml2hd
Install grml on raid array /dev/md0 and install mbr as well. The SWRAID environment variable provides the option for the raid-extra-boot option in /etc/lilo.conf. Please notice that the driver(s) for the devices used in a raid array have to be statically compiled into the kernel, otherwise automatic assembling won't work and assembling has to be done in userland (won't work for SW-RAID on root partitions then of course).
You can configure LVM as you prefer it to (see grml-tips lvm for some basic instructions on LVM) and use a logical volume as installation target. Usage example for /dev/hda1:
# make sure /dev/hda1 is of partition type 8E / Linux LVM! pvcreate /dev/hda1 vgcreate grml2hd /dev/hda1 lvcreate -n rootlv -L1000 grml2hd LVM=/dev/mapper/grml2hd-rootlv grml2hd
Installing grml on an encrypted root-partition ('/') is not supported. But you can use encrypted partitions like /home or swap. Install grml2hd as usual, (re)boot into your grml system and then activate encrypted partitions manually.
Deactivate swap partition:
# swapoff -a
Now adjust /etc/crypttab
# echo "cswap /dev/hda5 /dev/urandom swap" >> /etc/crypttab
Now delete the old swap-entry in /etc/fstab and add the following line:
/dev/mapper/cswap none swap sw,pri=1 0 0
Make sure this entry is above(!) the 'Warning! Please do *not* change any…' line! Then enable the encrypted swap partition running:
# /etc/init.d/cryptdisks start && swapon -a
Make sure the device you want to use for your /home-partition is not mounted. Then initialize the partition you want to use as encrypted /home using grml-crypt. Important: this will destroy all data on /home! grml-crypt is a wrapper around cryptsetup-luks, you will be able to use the partition with every linux distribution which supports cryptsetup-luks.
The following example demonstrates how to use /dev/hda5 as an encrypted /home partition:
# grml-crypt -t ext3 -o format /dev/hda5
Now adjust /etc/crypttab
# echo "chda5 /dev/hda5 none luks" >>/etc/crypttab
Then add the /home-partition to /etc/fstab (make sure there is not other entry for the partition):
/dev/mapper/chda5 /home ext3 defaults 0 0
Make sure this entry is above(!) the 'Warning! Please do *not* change any…' line! If you want to keep content of your old /home make sure you can access it later again:
# mv /home /home.old # mkdir -m 755 /home
To make sure that /home is not accessible before mounted as crypto partition you can use chattr:
# chattr +i /home
Now start cryptdisks and mount your new /home-partition:
# /etc/init.d/cryptdisks start && mount /home
Please make sure cryptdisks is started in runlevel 2 via /etc/runlevel.conf!
If you moved your old /home to /home.old copy files to your new /home-partition:
# cp -a /home.old/* /home/
If everything works as expected you will be prompted for the given LUKS passphrase when booting your grml system.
/etc/grml2hd/config
Configuration file for automatic installation via grml2hd. You do not need to adjust this file if you do not want to run the automatic installation.
/usr/sbin/grml2hd-chrooted
A small helper script, that executes a few commands in the harddisk installation. You'll never need this script, it's only useful for the grml2hd script.
/usr/bin/grml2hd-bootparams
A small helper script that reads kernel's command line and displays a menu of boot parameters which should be used for lilo's append line. The script provides the selected entries on stdout so it's possible to use the script inside grml2hd itself.
/boot/grub/grml-template_menu.lst
Template file for use with grml installation (grml2hd) and Grub. Adjust it for your needs before using it.
Because one major goal of grml2hd is keep it small, simple and stable. If you think that you can not live without $FEATURE please let us know, see the Bugs section in this document how to report feedback/bugs.
If you are using such a feature you should know how to handle it. It won't help you if you get an interface within the installer but do not know how to handle it afterwards.
Yes, you can customize execution of grml2hd via the configuration file /etc/grml2hd/customization. It is used automatically when running grml2hd, so you just have to adjust the configuration file itself.
Installation of grub as bootmanager does not yet support installation on Software RAID devices.
You probably did not install lilo to master boot record (MBR) within grml2hd and don't have a bootmanager in your MBR. Solution: Install lilo to MBR. Example:
sudo mount /mnt/hda1 # mount harddisk sudo chroot /mnt/hda1 # chroot into the grml-system vim -X /etc/lilo.conf # adjust the line containing the bootoption to 'boot=/dev/hda' lilo # now run lilo again, leave chroot environment (exit) and reboot your system afterwards
Some filesystems and lilo don't work together when lilo is installed in the boot sector of the harddisk because the filesystem superblock goes where lilo would be installed. You have to install lilo in the master boot record of your harddisk to solve this problem. If you read this after installing grml to your harddisk you should use the grml live-cd and fix /etc/lilo.conf manually and rerun lilo (see above).
To access an SCSI device you probably need a specific kernel module. This is provided by an initial ramdisk. Please use the initrd support within grml2hd. To fix this issue please install a kernel with SCSI-device support in the chroot after running grml2hd:
sudo mount -o /mnt/hda1 # mount harddisk where grml is installed sudo chroot /mnt/hda1 # chroot into the grml-system update-initramfs -u -t -k $(uname -r) # create initramfs vim -X /etc/lilo.conf # adjust lilo for use with initrd lilo # now run lilo again, leave chroot environment (exit) and reboot your system afterwards
TODOs are documented at /usr/share/doc/grml2hd/TODO.
Install grml on /dev/sda4 and install lilo in the mbr of /dev/sda.
GRML2HD_NONINTERACTIVE=1 grml2hd
Runs grml2hd in automatic (non-interactive) mode. Needs adjustment of /etc/grml2hd/config. Use with care!
Please report feedback, bugreports and wishes to us!
Michael Prokop <mika@grml.org> and Andreas "Jimmy" Gredler <jimmy@grml.org>